Cosa è una residenza Fiscale ?

La residenza fiscale è il “luogo in cui la persona ha la sua dimora abituale” mentre il domicilio fiscale è il luogo stabilito dalla persona, come sede principale dei suoi affari e interessi e come luogo per ricevere la notifica di tutti gli avvisi e comunicazioni ufficiali dell’Agenzia delle Entrate.

Perchè è vantaggioso chiedere una residenza fiscale ?

È vantaggioso possedere una o più residenze fiscali per la possibilità di gestire un´attività offshore o differenti attività offshore coordinandole con il fisco più idoneo a quella attività. Non è una semplice questione di pagare più o meno imposte, ma di poter avvantaggiarsi di Free Trades, sotto forma di convegni, trattati di libero scambio e anche imposte differenti e spesso pari a Zero. Per il soggetto provato invece , una residenza fiscale gli permette di decidere dove essere tassato ed in base a cosa, ritenendo un luogo più opportuno rispetto ad un altro.

Devo aprire una società per fare la residenza a Panama ?

lL convegno a cui, voi, come italiani vi rifarete per chiedere la residenza permanente a Panama si chiama ” Trattato di Amicizia ” in termini gergali e ufficialmente ” Convegno di Commercio e Navigazione Panama Italia”. Come noterete il nome legale fa enfasi sulla parola commercio e navigazione. Il convegno fu creato per garantire due cose : la residenza e poi la cittadinanza a Panama degli Italiani. Per ottenere la residenza e poi avere diritto alla cittadinanza, gli Italiani devono dimostrare un legame ” Commerciale” con la repubblica di Panamá. Questo obbliga all’ apertura di una società di cui voi siate unicamente i veri proprietari e unici azionisti ( o azionisti al 50%) di una società, una e una sola .Questo requisito spesso viene non compreso o volutamente omesso da advisor da strada, come chiamati a Panama, ovvero le ultime risorse che cercano clienti , il cui scopo non è di garantire un procedimento legale di trasferimento a Panama, ma lucrare sulle spalle dei poveri clienti che per risparmiare sulla società accettano il rischio . Cosa succede ? Essenzialmente il cliente non paga la società, ma solo il procedimento legale per l’ ottenimento della residenza . Il suo advisor forse solo una front page di qualche studio legale poco fortunato, utilizzerà una società riciclata centinaia di volte cambiando le azioni della stessa a nome dell’ ultimo malcapitato. Il malcapitato procederà all’ ottenimento della residenza che inizialmente gli verrà fornita. Dopo 1 o due anni a una consueta revisione della migrazione, si scopre che la stessa società di cui il cliente non ne sapeva nulla viene messa in black list per i troppi casi di clienti divenuti residenti tramite la stessa residenza . Il risultato , annullata la residenza, e impossibilitato a riottenerla per il resto della sua vita. Peggio se si arriva allo scadere dei 5 anni, e alla richiesta di cittadinanza si effettua la revisione dei requisiti passati e si scopre se non si è fatto prima il caso di negligenza voluta ma occultato al cliente. Ecco quindi un tipico caso di ” offerta last minute” in cui cadono in numerosi.

Legal entity with its own tax domicile.
Common Law: Cook Island Foundation Act
Suitable for the protection and segregation of all tangible and intangible assets such as patents, copyrights, money, real estate
It also serves as a will
It may be a shareholder in other for-profit companies but cannot manage for-profit businesses on its own

Cook Islands Private Foundation

Quick menu

Cook Islands Private Foundation

In June 2012, the Cook Islands Foundation Act became law, setting it as the good standard in asset protection.

Building on foundation law experience elsewhere, notably Guernsey and the Isle of Man, this legislation contains special provisions providing superior client planning options and simpler credit action requirements, as well as stringent privacy regulations . As noted in Trusts & Trustees, published by Oxford University Press in July 2014, “Strong legislation combined with highly respected courts and exemplary service… in the Cook Islands has created the ideal environment in which to establish a foundation”.

Cook Islands Foundation Registration and Regulation

The Act provides a registration regime for foundations in the Cook Islands. Each foundation will have a foundation tool which contains its basic details including name, objects and registered agent in the Cook Islands. The deed of foundation is filed with the Registrar.

A foundation must also have rules that comply with the law. Under Cook Islands law, while there are some issues that need to be addressed in the rules, there is considerable flexibility in how the rules in general are drafted. This allows client founders and their advisors to clearly establish how they want the foundation to operate and how they want it to benefit the beneficiaries. Foundation Rules need not be filed with the Registrar, only held by the Cook Islands Registered Agent. The foundation rules provide the substantive details of how the foundation will operate. The rules will include procedures for setting up the board, appointing the registered agent, the duties of any executor and rules for endowment of further assets. The rules may also concern the manner in which the board exercises its powers and the distribution of the foundation's assets in the event of dissolution.

The Foundation is a separate legal entity from its founder.

The foundation is valid even if the law in the founder's jurisdiction does not recognize or prohibit foundations.

Cook Islands Foundations Multipurpose

The foundation can be used for charitable or non-charitable purposes, estate and estate planning, wealth management.
Protection from creditors.
2-year limitation period for applications to cancel the foundation or attack the transfer of property to the foundation.
The courts cannot recognize or enforce a foreign judgment against the foundation.
Strict rules on fraudulent transfers making it difficult for creditors to file a fraudulent transfer claim. The Foundation is independent of the personal circumstances of the founder.
The foundation cannot be void or voidable in the event of the founder's bankruptcy, insolvency or liquidation.

One of the most common uses is estate planning. The fact that the law does not recognize other countries' laws on forced inheritance, the high level of confidentiality, zero taxation and the fact that foundations do not have a limited life span, make it ideal for use as a vehicle of estate planning.

Foundations can also be used for general asset protection, tax minimization, international trade, and as a means of ensuring confidentiality.

Foundations can be used for charitable or non-charitable purposes or both. They may be established for the benefit of one or more specific persons or for another specific purpose.

The most common uses of Cook Islands offshore foundations are:

Wealth protection
Inheritance/succession planning
Asset protection and management
Circumvention of the rules on forced inheritance
Charitable purposes
Pension funds
Hold art collections
Receive and manage capital and securities
Minimize international income, capital gains and estate taxes
Maintaining corporate control
Voting separation and economic benefits
Employee stock option schemes
Used by companies for employee benefit plans, retirement and stock option plans, insurance plans, and special financing arrangements
Recognized in both common law and civil law jurisdictions.

Complete foreign ownership is permitted. The founders can be foreigners of any nationality, with beneficiaries and assets located in any country.

There are no taxes applicable to Cook Islands Foundations.

Privacy and confidentiality are guaranteed by a Cook Islands Foundation.

Details of the founders, beneficiaries, board members and executors do not appear in any public records, nor do details of the foundation's assets.

Confidentiality, Disclosure and Heritage Protection through a Cook Island Foundation

The Cook Islands Foundations ensure maximum privacy. While designated founders are not permitted, the names and information of founders, beneficiaries, and board members are not published in any public records. There are also provisions in the law that make it illegal to disclose unauthorized information about the foundation and the identities of its associated parties.

In addition, information relating to the foundation's assets is very well protected, as are the assets themselves. The following provisions make it extremely difficult to bring claims against the foundation's assets:

The only jurisdiction where creditors can bring lawsuits against foundations is in the Cook Islands.
Foreign court orders, including those relating to divorce, will not be recognized in the Cook Islands.
Creditors may only file claims against specific foundation assets within two years of the asset being transferred to the foundation.
Creditors are required to prove “beyond a reasonable doubt” that the founder was insolvent or was intentionally trying to defraud the creditor at the time the asset(s) in question was transferred to the foundation.

Cook Islands foundations can hold different types of assets:

Stocks, bonds and other securities of public or private companies
Intellectual property
Real Estate/Real Estate
Banking activities
Investment portfolios
Life insurance policies
Most other resource types

Tax Performance

As long as the founder, beneficiaries, property or assets, contributions to the foundation originate outside the Cook Islands, the Cook Islands Private Interest Foundation is exempt from:

Any income tax
Professional fee
Withholding Tax
Wealth tax
Donation tax
Profit tax
Capital gains tax
Distribution tax
Inheritance tax
Wealth tax
Stamp duty

In addition to opening your Offshore Foundation, you will probably be interested in creating a life insurance policy on your taxation, taking up a second tax residence, in a country with territorial taxation, such as a residence in Panama or a residence in Paraguay